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--- port_forwarding [01/30/2023 18:11] – gisele_h
+++ port_forwarding [05/16/2025 18:37] (current) – [Third Party Guides] crowetic
@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 This can increase connections/peers for your Qortal core node(s). We will try to make this scenario as simple as we can - as there are several variables. Choose the section below that fits your situation:
-===== Only One Node On Your Home Network With uPnP Enabled=====
+===== Single or Multiple nodes With uPnP Enabled=====
-**Option 1:** In this case, you only have ONE device that is acting as a blockchain node for Qortal AND your router has uPnP enabled. The default settings that your node will have comes with uPnP enabled - uPnP is a feature that most common routers provide by default. If you are unsure, ask your service provider. With uPnP enabled in the router, and only ONE node running on your home network, you do NOT need to configure anything further on this guide.
+**Option 1:** If you have only ONE node, and your router has **uPnP enabled**, you will not need to do anything, your single node will simply start obtaining incoming connections.
-**Option 2:** If your router does NOT offer uPNP, you will need to port forward AND disable the default uPnP in your settings.json:
+If you ARE going to use uPnP, **you can have MULTIPLE nodes** on the same LAN obtaining incoming connections **via uPnP** by simply modifying a SINGLE setting in **settings.json** for your SECOND node and HIGHER:
-) Stop the core:
+Simply edit **settings.json** for the nodes ASIDE FROM THE FIRST NODE, and change the listenPort for the subsequent nodes, below is an example for the second node on the LAN.
-<code>cd qortal && ./stop.sh</code>
-) Open your settings.json - this may be blank which indicates you have the default settings. You will then copy and paste the code below into the settings.json and click save:
-<code>{
-"uPnPEnabled": false,
-"listenPort": 12392
-}
-</code>
-If you have settings already displayed, look for the uPnPEnabled section, if it exists, simply replace 'true' with 'false'. Then add the listenPort as shown above below uPnPEnabled section (or anywhere within the json settings as it doesn't have to be in a particular order - just be sure to add a comma after each listing, and DO NOT have a comma on the final listing.
-) Login to your router and set the IP address of the node to "STATIC" or "Reserve IP Address" or whatever verbiage your router uses for this setting. This will prevent the node’s IP address from changing and affecting all of this configuration.
-) In your router, configure port forwarding for this device:
-Inbound: 12392 (sometimes ‘inbound’ is titled ‘internal’)
-Outbound 12392 (sometimes ‘outbound’ is titled ‘external’)
-Protocol: TCP
-) Start your core:
-<code>cd qortal && ./start.sh</code>
-===== More Than One Node On Your Home Network =====
-If you have more than one node on your network, then you’ll want to:
-  * Set a static IP address for each node in the router.
-  * Configure port forwarding in the router for each node.
-  * Stop the core, then change the json settings on each node to disable uPnP
-  * Start the core on each node.
-) Set the IP address of each node to STATIC. This will prevent the node’s IP address from changing and affecting all of this configuration.
-) Set port forwarding for each node as shown in the following. Internal and external for each node will be unique and NOT match the other nodes:
-**Node 1** Internal: 12392 External: 12392
-**Node 2** Internal: 12393 External: 12393
-**Node 3** Internal: 12394 External: 12394
-**Node 4** Internal: 12395 External: 12395
-etc.
-(Just change the last digit in each number.)
-) Stop the core by entering the following command in the terminal:
-<code>cd qortal && ./stop.sh</code>
-Open your settings.json - this may be blank which indicates you have the default settings. You will then copy and paste the code below into the settings.json and click save:
-this would be for **Node 1** matching the port forwarding entry above:
 <code>{
-"uPnPEnabled": false,
+"listenPort": 22392
-"listenPort": 12392
 }</code>
-this would be for **Node 2** matching the port forwarding entry above:
+=====Networks Without uPnP=====
+On networks that do NOT have uPnP available, you will need to **enable port forwarding and static assignment** to obtain incoming connections. Doing this will be DIFFERENT on any given router. You will need to obtain instructions for your router from an internet search as far as the terminology and specific settings that you will need.
-<code>{
-"uPnPEnabled": false,
-"listenPort": 12393
-}</code>
-this would be for **Node 3** matching the port forwarding entry above:
-<code>{
-"uPnPEnabled": false,
-"listenPort": 12394
-}</code>
-this would be for **Node 4** matching the port forwarding entry above:
-<code>{
-"uPnPEnabled": false,
-"listenPort": 12395
-}</code>
-If you have settings already displayed, look for the uPnPEnabled section, if it exists, simply replace 'true' with 'false'. Then add the listenPort as shown above below uPnPEnabled section (or anywhere within the json settings as it doesn't have to be in a particular order - just be sure to add a comma after each listing, and DO NOT have a comma on the final listing.
+We will provide **basic overall instructions** here for understanding.
-) Start the core on each node:
+. Setup **static assignment** for each node machine on your LAN. - Static assignment ensures that the machine will obtain the **same LAN IP address** every time, from your router. (Some routers give static assignment other names, most of the time it will be located under **DHCP settings**.)
-<code>cd qortal && ./start.sh</code>
-=====Third Party Guides=====
-Here you can find step by step info for specific router: https://portforward.com/
+. Establish a **port forwarding (or DNAT) entry** in your router, for each of your statically assigned node machines, changing the **external port** of each.
-Static IP guide: https://www.coolblue.nl/en/advice/assign-fixed-ip-address-router.html
+**You do NOT need to modify any further settings on your NODE**, simply add new entries for each node machine with a **DIFFERENT EXTERNAL PORT**. See below for an overall idea...
-Port forwarding guide: https://www.lifewire.com/how-to-port-forward-4163829
+**Node 1** - Internal port: 12392, external port: 12392
+**Node 2** - Internal port: 12392, external port: 22392
-===== How to Port Forward with Advanced Settings =====
+**Node 3** - Internal port: 12392, external port: 32392
-It is never a good idea to add your node in DMZ. That will stop all the DPI and SPI and if you have the API enabled and white listed, you are putting your computer at risk! DMZ bypasses the SPI mechanism of the built in filters and all the internet traffic can reach your node directly. SPI (stateful packet inspection) firewall protects you by examining incoming packets against existing connections.
+etc... You can use ANY port you like for the different external port, as long as it **doesn't go over 65535** as that is the MAX port in the tcpv4 port range. Once you HAVE set different external ports for each, you can **check your external IP address** with a service like https://whatismyipaddress.com (look for ipv4 address there) and you will know what the peer address for Qortal will be for each of your nodes, with your external IP and whatever external port you set for each node.
-Also add UPnP text. If a router has it then it must be enabled. UPnP or NAT-pmp opens dynamic port ranges to act as an assist for SPI. Enabling NAT/UPnP solves problem for the most but unfortunately due to the torrent p2p laws most ISPs now filter ports by default at the client side so port forward is also needed. For example:
-.88.183.49:12392 (qortal-1.2.3-2df0453), height 42318, sig: PXNoJM7W, ts 2020-07-31 17:17:24
+**All that needs to change is the EXTERNAL port**, port forwarding will allow you to forward to the **SAME internal port on DIFFERENT IPs, this way no modifications of Qortal settings are required.**
-.168.100.83:44380 (qortal-1.2.3-2df0453), height 42318, sig: PXNoJM7W, ts 2020-07-31 17:17:24
-Look at the second IP address with a dynamic port. This is UPnP working. Instead of 12392 , it has opened a 44380 port for TCP handshake / connect / ACK.

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