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--- port_forwarding [06/17/2023 12:19] – further simplification and clarification crowetic
+++ port_forwarding [05/16/2025 18:37] (current) – [Third Party Guides] crowetic
@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 Simply edit **settings.json** for the nodes ASIDE FROM THE FIRST NODE, and change the listenPort for the subsequent nodes, below is an example for the second node on the LAN.
-<code>
-{
+<code>{
 "listenPort": 22392
-}
+}</code>
-</code>
-The above settings would be fine for your SECOND node, you do not need to do anything for the FIRST node, as it will run on the default port 12392. Any SUBSEQUENT node you will need to add **ONLY the above setting in settings.json**, with a **DIFFERENT port for each subequent node.** (**note - if you are on WINDOWS the settings.json you will modify is located in **%localappdata%\Qortal** folder. Do NOT remove any of the 'path' settings on Windows machines or your node will not work correctly!)
-**Option 2:** If your router does **NOT offer uPNP**, you will need to configure port forwarding (on your router).
-) Login to your router and set the IP address of the node to "STATIC" or "Reserve IP Address" or whatever verbiage your router uses for this setting. This will prevent the node’s IP address from changing and affecting all of this configuration.
-) In your router, configure port forwarding for this device:
-Inbound: 12392 (sometimes ‘inbound’ is titled ‘internal’)
-Outbound 12392 (sometimes ‘outbound’ is titled ‘external’)
-Protocol: TCP
-===== More Than One Node On Your Home Network (no uPnP)=====
-If you have more than one node on your network, then you’ll want to:
-  * Set a static IP address for each node in the router.
-  * Configure port forwarding in the router for each node.
-) Set the IP address of each node to STATIC. This will prevent the node’s IP address from changing and affecting all of this configuration.
-) Set port forwarding for each node as shown in the following. Internal and external for each node will be unique and NOT match the other nodes:
-**Node 1** Internal: 12392 External: 12392
-**Node 2** Internal: 12392 External: 12393
-**Node 3** Internal: 12392 External: 12394
-**Node 4** Internal: 12392 External: 12395
-etc.
-(Just change the last digit in each number ONLY for the EXTERNAL port. You can leave everything else on defaults.)
+=====Networks Without uPnP=====
+On networks that do NOT have uPnP available, you will need to **enable port forwarding and static assignment** to obtain incoming connections. Doing this will be DIFFERENT on any given router. You will need to obtain instructions for your router from an internet search as far as the terminology and specific settings that you will need.
+We will provide **basic overall instructions** here for understanding.
-=====Third Party Guides=====
+. Setup **static assignment** for each node machine on your LAN. - Static assignment ensures that the machine will obtain the **same LAN IP address** every time, from your router. (Some routers give static assignment other names, most of the time it will be located under **DHCP settings**.)
-Here you can find step by step info for specific router: https://portforward.com/
+. Establish a **port forwarding (or DNAT) entry** in your router, for each of your statically assigned node machines, changing the **external port** of each.
-Static IP guide: https://www.coolblue.nl/en/advice/assign-fixed-ip-address-router.html
+**You do NOT need to modify any further settings on your NODE**, simply add new entries for each node machine with a **DIFFERENT EXTERNAL PORT**. See below for an overall idea...
-Port forwarding guide: https://www.lifewire.com/how-to-port-forward-4163829
+**Node 1** - Internal port: 12392, external port: 12392
+**Node 2** - Internal port: 12392, external port: 22392
-===== How to Port Forward with Advanced Settings =====
+**Node 3** - Internal port: 12392, external port: 32392
-It is never a good idea to add your node in DMZ. That will stop all the DPI and SPI and if you have the API enabled and white listed, you are putting your computer at risk! DMZ bypasses the SPI mechanism of the built in filters and all the internet traffic can reach your node directly. SPI (stateful packet inspection) firewall protects you by examining incoming packets against existing connections.
+etc... You can use ANY port you like for the different external port, as long as it **doesn't go over 65535** as that is the MAX port in the tcpv4 port range. Once you HAVE set different external ports for each, you can **check your external IP address** with a service like https://whatismyipaddress.com (look for ipv4 address there) and you will know what the peer address for Qortal will be for each of your nodes, with your external IP and whatever external port you set for each node.
-Also add UPnP text. If a router has it then it must be enabled. UPnP or NAT-pmp opens dynamic port ranges to act as an assist for SPI. Enabling NAT/UPnP solves problem for the most but unfortunately due to the torrent p2p laws most ISPs now filter ports by default at the client side so port forward is also needed. For example:
-.88.183.49:12392 (qortal-1.2.3-2df0453), height 42318, sig: PXNoJM7W, ts 2020-07-31 17:17:24
+**All that needs to change is the EXTERNAL port**, port forwarding will allow you to forward to the **SAME internal port on DIFFERENT IPs, this way no modifications of Qortal settings are required.**
-.168.100.83:44380 (qortal-1.2.3-2df0453), height 42318, sig: PXNoJM7W, ts 2020-07-31 17:17:24
-Look at the second IP address with a dynamic port. This is UPnP working. Instead of 12392 , it has opened a 44380 port for TCP handshake / connect / ACK.

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