Qortal Project

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====== Trade Portal Overview ======

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=====This page is outdated, updates to it will take place over time. =====

=== Information Related to the underlying workings of the 'Trade Portal' (The built-in trade platform of the now-deprecated Qortal UI) are the same as the underlying workings of Q-Trade. Both of them rely upon the Qortal Core and leverage ultimately the same API endpoints in the Qortal Core to make trades happen. This information being outdated does not apply to the underlying functionality of any of the TRUE cross-blockchain trades that are possible leveraging Qortal, and as such, has been kept here until more in-depth updates can take place. ===

Qortal’s Trade Portal aims to remove the need for centralized exchanges and ‘decentralized exchanges’ which riddle the blockchain space with all sorts of flaws. That is not to say that all exchanges which claim to be decentralized are flawed, but surely most are. The idea of the Trade Portal is to provide true peer-to-peer (p2p) transactions between buyers and sellers without the need of the middle man by utilizing cross-chain trades in the form of the ‘ACCT’ SmartContract (Atomic Cross Chain Trade). The only authority over a trade taking place is solely between the buyer and seller! The custom trade bot for the buyer and seller automates the multiple stages involved in a true cross-chain trade so that the Trade Portal is as simple to use as any centralized service but without any of the associated risks such as 1) historically these exchanges have been prone to hacks and failure, and 2) depositing assets into a wallet or temporarily releasing control of assets during a trade.

How can Qortal guarantee no theft can occur within the Trade Portal? Simple. The Trade Portal utilizes LOCAL wallets to make trades and true peer-to-peer trades. At the time of this publication, BTC, LTC, DOGE, DGB, RVN, and ARRR are natively supported. The DevTeam has taken extensive time to ensure that only LOCAL wallets are made use of and the keys for those wallets are never exposed in an unencrypted fashion. Therefore, the Trade Portal is just as secure as sending from a local wallet to another, except they are one chain to another.

The Trade Portal is a system that makes use of the ACCT system by the CIYAM developers (http://ciyam.org) with which to make completely cross-chain coin/token trades. The system currently allows for completely cross-chain trades between QORT and other coins so users NEVER RELINQUISH CONTROL OF THEIR ASSETS and never have to 'deposit' assets in order to make trades. This allows for COMPLETE SECURITY. Never again, will there be worry about centralized exchanges failing, and taking with that failure, users' assets.

As time goes on, and development progresses, support for more third party blockchain coins will be implemented into the system. Also, Qortal will provide a platform for projects to build on Qortal and have their own token, so those will be available to Qortal's users in the Wallets and Trade Portal features. A token is a digital unit of value that represents an asset or utility. Unlike coins, tokens do not have their own blockchain and are issued on top of existing networks. So to clarify, QORT is not a token - it is a coin. Qortal is a stand-alone blockchain, its native asset QORT is therefore a coin. Assets built on Ethereum’s blockchain are tokens, whereas ETH is a coin itself. Therefore, projects with their own assets that are built on Qortal will be tokens by definition. 

Votes in the system will be the primary factor as far as which new coins/tokens will be added, however, a vote is not a guarantee of listing, there will also be an independent verification done on the project pre-listing, to ensure only the most quality projects are listed in the Trade Portal. For now, we have two coins to provide a gateway to obtain QORT and the DevTeam can focus on other priorities.

===== Atomic Cross-Chain Trades (ACCT)=====

With Qortal, we are swapping directly between blockchains, in a truly peer-to-peer fashion, with absolutely no centralized component between them (no middleman or any risk of counterparty risk). This is commonly known as 'atomic swaps' but this terminology is often misrepresented in the crypto space - therefore we call them their true technical name: Atomic Cross-Chain Trades (ACCT). True cross-chain swaps require multiple transactions to occur sequentially on each chain, and each of these transactions need time to confirm before moving on to the next.

The Trade Portal functions by making use of an automated system that creates and executes placement of Atomic Trades (or ATs) on behalf of the private key of a 'logged in' account. The account's 'bot' (for lack of a better term) takes the trade data from the user, and issues a SmartContract (AT, ACCT AT to be exact) that then awaits input from another user, then picks up on behalf of both users, to execute a cross-chain trade. All that is necessary for the user, is leaving their core running. 

When a user lists a sell order, their QORT is removed from their wallet and placed in an 'AT' - which is a trade wallet that the user still has control over. The user can either cancel the trade order and have their coin returned to their wallet, or wait for a buyer to select the order at which time the buyer's coin is withdrawn from their wallet via a 'Tradebot' which makes the exchange with the Qortal AT, ensuring there is a clean exchange.

Check out the [[Trade Portal FAQ]] page!

===== Additional Notes =====

The Trade Portal is peer-to-peer (P2P) and quite a complex sequence of communications need to take place between the nodes of the buyer and seller. There is no central server to ensure everything goes smoothly - it's down to both the parties following the "rules".  When a trade is unsuccessful, it is likely that the TradeBot has stopped working on the buyer’s or seller's node. This is why the automatic refund feature exists - as a fallback for when one of the two nodes isn't correctly participating in the trade. This is something that we have to live with in a trust-less, decentralized environment. It will never be as "user friendly" as a centralized exchange but that's the price of not having some central entity dictating what you can and can't do. And we're lucky that with LTC the fees for a failed trade are almost zero.

That being said, it's likely that a lot of these issues could be detectable upfront - e.g. we may be able to better screen out offers where the buyer’s or seller's node isn't in the correct state. "PRESENCE" transactions were the solution to this as we now remove offline nodes from the list (some will remember that in the first version of the trade portal it was pot luck as to whether the buyer’s or seller's node would be even online when you traded). So this concept could probably be expanded upon, and we could also do something like dropping an order from the list if there have been multiple failures associated with it. We will try and look into this particular sell offer as soon as we can to see if anything can be improved in the next version(s). 

Currently, if the node that listed the sell offer is in a bad state, all attempts to buy it will be refunded (after 1 hour or more). The sell order disappears from the list as soon as the selling node acknowledges that there is a buyer - we refer to this as "locking the trade" to the buyer. In this case, the seller's node never responded so there was no acknowledgement. So your idea of hiding the order as soon as there has been a buy transaction is a good one and would have helped here. But we'll need to make sure that the buy offer is valid before hiding anything - i.e. they have paid enough LTC.

When we're dealing with cross-chain trades, there is no way to avoid the transaction fees on the chains involved. That’s just part of the deal when you're taking the middle man out of the scenario. Whether the trade fails to complete and is refunded, or completes, there will be a TX fee on the LTC chain. That will never change. The tx fee is very low and we can't be thinking of this like a centralized exchange, it isn't one. It is far superior in every way; exchanges are manipulated at best, and straight up scams at worst.

QORT will eventually go fee-less on QORT side for trades, but there's nothing we can do about the external chains involved. We have no control over their networks and can only play by their transaction rules. In our opinion, the tiny transaction fee is absolutely worth there being ZERO risk of loss in the trades. We can probably add additional checks before submitting the presence transactions. This is something to look at when the current features are out of the way.

It is normal for cryptocurrency transactions to take a while and not be immediate. They take a certain number of "confirmations" before they become spendable in the receiving wallet. For LTC that can be 10 mins or so, but these projects are always evolving and aiming to speed up this process. Luckily QORT transactions are much faster. Also, if the other network has a lot of demand for transactions, it can take a while for it to even be processed and included in a block. Especially if the fee is low. So that can slow things down too.

===== How To Use The Trade Portal =====

Please go to the [[How To Use The Trade Portal]] guide!
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