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--- ubuntu_22.04_with_cinnamon_desktop_setup_guide [12/16/2022 18:40] – created crowetic
+++ ubuntu_22.04_with_cinnamon_desktop_setup_guide [05/08/2023 04:26] (current) – gfactor
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-=====Ubuntu 22.04 Installation and Setup Guide=====
+The page has moved to: [[Ubuntu 22.04 With Cinnamon Desktop Setup]]
-Hello Qortians! This guide is for installation of Ubuntu 22.04 with Cinnamon Desktop Environment and a bunch of custom configurations by crowetic to setup everything necessary for Qortal, and automate as much as possible.
-**IF YOU ARE GOING TO BE INSTALLING UBUNTU ON THE CURRENT COMPUTER YOU'RE USING, YOU WILL NEED TO SKIP THE BIOS CONFIGURATION UNTIL AFTER YOU HAVE DOWNLOADED THE UBUNTU 22.04 INSTALLATION MEDIA, AND BURNED IT TO A FLASH DRIVE, YOU WILL ALSO WANT TO BACKUP YOUR PERSONAL FILES, QORTAL WALLET BACKUP, DOCUMENTS, PICTURES, AND ANYTHING ELSE YOU NEED FROM YOUR COMPUTER TO ANOTHER HARD DRIVE. IDEALLY YOU WILL HAVE AN EXTERNAL HDD TO BACKUP FILES, AND A FLASH DRIVE FOR WRITING THE UBUNTU INSTALLATION MEDIA. WE DO NOT TAKE RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANYONE FOLLOWING THIS GUIDE AND NOT READING THOROUGHLY, AND LOSING PERSONAL DATA OR THEIR QORTAL BACKUP FILE. MAKE SURE YOU BACKUP THINGS FIRST!**
-This guide will also include **customizations** to make Ubuntu look/feel **like Windows** so that it will be an EASY SWITCH for users.
-It is crowetic's opinion that if everyone were to run an installation like this, there would be much less overall issues with Qortal, as well as with infections/potential data leaks, etc.
-Hope you enjoy the guide and it helps you to get your computer setup in an **optimal fashion** that is **safer, faster, and more secure** than you current installation.
-====Configuring the BIOS====
-Any good base-level setup guide includes starting at the lowest possible level. In our case, this means sarting **in the BIOS**. For those that are not aware, the BIOS is where the pre-OS configuration for the computer takes place, and it is where you can enable and disable motherboard settings, and other low level options.
-**All BIOS are different** - this makes walking through EXACT configuration essentially not fully possible in this guide, however, I CAN give a 'general idea' of what is important to check in the BIOS.
-For the purposes of this guide, I am doing the configuration and installation on a Dell Latitude 7370 laptop, Desktops and Laptops are also fairly different when it comes to what is available in the BIOS, however certain options are at least similar.
-===Disabling nonsense===
-There are multiple things in the BIOS (especially newer machines) that are completely UNNECESSARY. These are things that should simply be DISABLED with prejudice! There include but are not limited to **Intel Management Engine, computrace** (which only functions in Windows, so is not AS important in terms of this guide), **and TPM.**
-The above settings are generally found in the **Security** section of the BIOS, and you should be able to go into each one and DISABLE them. **note** - many machines do not have a direct link to the Intel Management Engine settings, so if you don't see it then it's possible that the settings are not there, or are in a separate section of the BIOS (like pushing another key to access them during boot.) You will have to do a little looking around in order to find them. If you can't, don't worry, disable what you can of the above, and move on.
-===Disabling 'Secure Boot'===
-(this is OPTIONAL and avoids certain other configuration that would be needed)
-Secure Boot is supposedly meant to 'verify' things and make sure the OS is 'correct' and not 'infected'. However, in my opinion it is simply unnecessary garbage that is meant for insecure Operating Systems like Windows. It is totally fine to DISABLE IT when installing Ubuntu, as it does not require it.
-There are also options with Secure Boot to 'clear keys' - You CAN do this first, but if you're going to disable it, it doesn't matter as it won't be utilized anyway. Either way is fine. You CAN use it but you don't have to. If you DO, certain other installations will require that you set a secure boot password, etc.
-===UEFI VS 'Legacy' Boot Modes===
-There are TWO boot 'modes' with newer computer systems. 'UEFI' and 'Legacy'. Legacy is the old BIOS boot method, where you can simply select which device you boot from, and it will boot. UEFI is the newer style setup wherein you have to have an EFI boot partition with EFI boot files in order to boot.
-Some machines have 'CSM' or Compatibility Support Module - This will allow you to choose UEFI mode with Legacy support if you like, which is what I usually choose if I have the option.
-(UEFI mode is 'better' because it will allow firmware updates from within the OS, and a few other things to take place that wouldn't be possible in Legacy boot mode.)
-===Setting Boot Sequence===
-When in UEFI boot, if after your installation completes your machine doesn't boot correctly, you may have to add a UEFI boot option. Ubuntu should show up once it has been installed if you install in UEFI mode.
-===Other BIOS Settings===
-(Optional configuration, recommended.)
-- Virtual Machine Settings - enable all VM options (this is for if you decide to run Virtual Machines on your system.)
-- CPU configuration - enable HyperThreading and TurboBoost
-- Battery Configuration - I generally keep this on 'adaptive' mode (if you have these settings) this will 'tune' the battery charging to whatever is optimal based on your computer usage habits.
-I think that's about it for the BIOS/UEFI configuration. Next, we'll move on to the actual OS installation.
-====Installing Ubuntu 22.04====
-**SKIP TO THIS SECTION FIRST IF YOU'RE INSTALLING ON THE SAME COMPUTER YOU'RE USING TO CREATE THE INSTALLATION MEDIA. DOWNLOAD AND CREATE THE MEDIA FIRST, THEN DO THE ABOVE BIOS CONFIGURATION**
-Now that we've gotten the BIOS/UEFI configuration out of the way, we can boot to a USB flash drive with Ubuntu 22.04 installer on it, and install the OS.
-**Download Ubuntu 22.04 Desktop Installation ISO** - You can go here... https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop - to download the Ubuntu 22.04 ISO file. (This is an image for the installation 'disk' for Ubuntu Desktop 22.04.
-(In this guide, I will assume that you have a **Windows Computer** that you are going to use to create the installation media. If you are using a computer that does NOT have windows, you will need to use another tool to write the installation media to your flash drive.)
-**Download Rufus for Windows** - this tool is used to write the Ubuntu 22.04 installer to the flash drive, so that it will be BOOTABLE and you can use it to boot/install the OS to the computer. You can find rufus download here - http://rufus.ie/en/
-Once you have **downloaded both the Ubuntu ISO and Rufus**, you will **run Rufus** - in the Rufus options, you will see a button to **Browse** for an **ISO image**. Use this button and find the Ubuntu 22.04 ISO you downloaded. Then create the bootable Ubuntu installation disk. This will take a few minutes.
-**Once you have the bootable flash drive** connect it to your computer, and **restart**. BEFORE The OS boots, you will push either the 'boot options' key, or 'setup' key in order to change the boot order.
-Normally, and on the Dell machine I'm using, 'boot options' is **f12**
-Generally though, what I do, is **do the BIOS/UEFI configuration above at the same time as setting the boot sequence to include USB flash drive** - The BIOS/UEFI will only SHOW the flash drive as an option, if the drive is CONNECTED when the machine is powered on.
-If you do what I do, once you exit with config changes made, it will automatically boot to the USB drive. If you choose **'boot options'** it will give you a menu to select which boot option you want to use temporarily. Choose **'UEFI and your USB flash drive.**
-You will then be presented with a menu that says **Try or Install Ubuntu** and you will select that option, at which point it will boot into a **Live Install version of Ubuntu**. This **live install** will include the option to 'Install Ubuntu' as well as the option to 'try Ubuntu'. We will choose **Install Ubuntu**. (If you would like to 'test' the system first, to see how compatible everything is, you can choose 'try ubunutu' and it will give you a live environment to play with.) Generally the only things that may have issues functioning or functioning correctly, are **wifi** and **specific video cards**. However, even if one or the other of those do NOT function correctly with the 'try ubuntu' option, that does NOT mean that they can't function once you have INSTALLED. So I usually just install no matter what, then configure things afterward that need it. Most of the time the hardware issues can be resolved with a proprietary driver from the MFG. (This obviously isn't IDEAL, but it is what it is, and nVidia cards often times run better with the nVidia driver anyway. This is the ONLY proprietary thing I end up using on the machines I build.)
-===Ubuntu Installation Wizard===
-The Ubuntu installation wizard is pretty straightforward, you will basically **click 'next' through most portions of it**. There are only a few pieces that need to be noted.
-At first, it will ask you to connect to a wireless network if you're not already connected via LAN. If you aren't connected via LAN, simply connect via Wifi. Then it will ask you if you want to 'download updates during installation' I usually leave this checked by default.
-When you get to the window for disk setup, you will choose **Erase Disk and Install Ubuntu** to perform a full format/installation with Ubuntu as the ONLY OS on the drive. By default it should choose your HDD/SSD unless you have multiple drives on your system, in which case it will give you a **choice of which drive to use**. This is **up to you**, you will choose whichever drive you want Ubuntu to be installed on. Ideally you will choose an **SSD of at least 64GB** or more, to install your Ubuntu installation. Anything smaller and you'll have issues with Qortal running on the same drive, unless you run in topOnly mode for the core. Larger is better. :)
-Once you have gotten through the basic steps of the install wizard, it should handle itself from there. When complete, it will pop up a dialog box that says **restart to finish installation**. Click OK and restart the machine. It will then say **remove installation media and press ENTER**, do that, and machine will reboot.
-At this point, it SHOULD **boot into Ubuntu** - if it does NOT, then you may have to change your boot settings as mentioned above in the UEFI settings portion. Depending on which mode you installed in, you will need to potentially add a **UEFI boot option.** But in most cases, the machine **SHOULD boot into Ubuntu.**
-====Installing Software and Configuring Ubuntu====
-**Congratulations! You now have Ubuntu Installed** - Now we simply need to **install some software** so that Qortal and the Qortal UI will run correctly, and **configure Ubuntu** for look and feel, and **theme** so that everything works, looks, and feels exactly the way we would like it to.
-===Using crowetic's 'rebuilt-machine.sh' script ===
-This script will setup all the base level dependencies for Qortal and Qortal UI, install Qortal and Qortal UI, setup a few images on the machine, and a few automation scripts, and configure cron to use the automation scripts.
-**Download the 'rebuilt-machine.sh' script** and **run it**
-<code> cd && wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/crowetic/QORTector-scripts/main/rebuilt-machine.sh && chmod +x rebuilt-machine.sh && ./rebuilt-machine.sh</code>
-The above command will **download and run the script** for you. It will ask you to **input password** - go ahead and **put in your password you set during installation for your user** and push **ENTER**.
-The script will then **install everything for you** including Qortal, the UI, all base level packages, Chromium Browser, Cinnamon Desktop Environment, and VLC Media Player. It will also download some images from qortal cloud to use for the desktop icons and launchers, and a text document that explains a few things. **a few scripts** will be in the home folder, and **Qortal UI and status script on the desktop.**
-Simply **wait for this to complete**. When it is completed, it will **automatically restart your machine**.
-===Using Cinnamon Desktop instead of default Unity nonsense===
-Once your machine has rebooted, you will need to modify the Desktop Environment, to use **Cinnamon** Desktop Environment. **The script in previous step installed this for you.**
-When you get to the LOGIN screen, **click your username** then STOP there. **before entering your password and logging in, click the settings icon at the bottom right.** This settings icon is where you **change the desktop environment.** Change it to **Cinnamon**, THEN input your password and login. You will then be taken to your **NEW Cinnamon Desktop Environment.**
-*NOTE* - If you are on a **laptop** and using the **touchpad** during the 'click your username' section, you will need to actually use the **physical mouse buttons**. Trying to 'tap-to-click' does NOT work on this pre-login screen. (I am not exactly sure WHY, but it's just a thing.) After you get into the OS, tap-to-click should be enabled by default, and will work as it is supposed to.
-====Ubuntu Settings Configuration====
-**Configuring Desktop** - Right click the desktop and click 'customize' then turn OFF 'auto-arrange' - you can also configure the spacing settings as preferred.
-Click **desktop settings** and turn on all of the desktop icons you prefer, I usually do all except 'network'.
-**Right click on Qortal UI** - click the icon that is currently blank, and browse for - pictures - qortal.ico (this was downloaded with the script) - select that icon to use for the Qortal UI.
-**Right click the Desktop** again, and click **'create new launcher here'** - configure this launcher with a name 'Qortal' and the icon from the pictures folder called **QLogo-512.png**. The command for the launcher you can click 'browse' and go to - Home - 'start-qortal.sh'. Select that, save the launcher. It will **pop up asking** if you want to **place the icon in menu** say **YES.**
-**arrange the desktop icons** with **Qortal top left**, and **Qortal UI to the right of that.**
-Put trash icon bottom right, about 2 inches from the bottom (as the Qortal logo will be in bottom right corner, we want trash icon above that for ease of visibility.)

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